DESCRIPTION
The Nooksack Tribe will restore instream and side channel habitat in the North Fork Nooksack River, RM 46.4-47.1, near Kendall in Whatcom County. The goal is to address North/Middle Fork Nooksack chinook limiting factors of high channel instability and low habitat diversity. Specifically, this project will construct 18 log jams in a 0.7-mile river segment and increase low-flow connectivity of Wicks Slough as part of the third phase of restoration in the broader Farmhouse reach (RM 46.4-49). Restoration is designed to: (1) increase length of stable side channels available for spawning; (2) form pools and increase habitat diversity; and (3) promote forested island formation and persistence; and (4) address factors limiting low-flow connectivity of Wicks Slough. NF/MF Nooksack early chinook are essential for ESU recovery, but productivity is critically low. This project implements high priority actions in a high priority reach for NF/MF Nooksack early chinook. Restoration will also benefit ESA-listed steelhead and bull trout; coho, chum, and pink
salmon; and cutthroat trout. The Farmhouse reach is just upstream from the Kendall hatchery, site of the North Fork/Middle Fork Nooksack early chinook population rebuilding program, and the reach has the potential to be heavily used, increasing certainty of benefit.
The North Fork Nooksack Farmhouse Reach Restoration Project is a multi-phase, reach-scale, engineered log jam (ELJ) project implemented by the Tribe to address North/Middle Fork Nooksack chinook limiting factors of high channel instability and low habitat diversity. The primary goal of the NF Nooksack Farmhouse reach-scale project (of which this project is Phase 3) is to address early chinook limiting factors of high channel instability, lack of key habitat, and reduced habitat diversity by restoring habitat conditions and addressing the root causes of habitat degradation, namely the lack of large stable log jams that form and maintain forested islands, floodplain and associated side channels. The restoration approach is to restore the large stable log jams that historically formed and maintained forested islands, floodplain and associated side channels, while planting suitable areas to restore floodplain forest. Restoration is designed to benefit Nooksack early chinook egg-to emergence and early rearing survival by restoring stable side channels; there will be collateral benefits to other species that use the reach (steelhead, bull trout, coho, chum, sockeye, pink, cutthroat trout). This project implements high priority actions in a high priority reach of the North Fork. Given the forestry-dominated adjacent land use and relative lack of channel constraints, the Farmhouse reach presented an important opportunity to restore habitat-forming processes.
For the Farmhouse Phase 3 Restoration Project, the Nooksack Tribe restored instream and side channel habitat in the North Fork Nooksack River, RM 46.4-47.1, near Kendall in Whatcom County. Phase 3 goals were to separate mainstem flow to allow for continued side channel development in the right bank side channel known as Wick Slough, as well as improve habitat in the side channel, protect the incipient forested island around RM 47.0-46.6, roughen the margin of the right bank floodplain to promote forest floodplain encroachment into the active channel, and increase connectivity of Wicks Slough without increasing risk of the mainstem avulsion into it. Specifically, the Phase 3 project constructed 18 ELJ’s in a 0.7-mile river segment during the summer of 2018 and interplanted conifers in suitable areas to restore floodplain forest and encourage forested island growth.
Phase 3 was designed to build stable wood structures that meet the project goals and habitat objectives while avoiding unwanted impacts to adjacent landowners. The locations of the structures were adjusted using sequential hydraulic modeling iterations to promote hydraulic complexity which in turn will create habitat, sort spawning gravels, promote floodplain connectivity and off-channel habitat, and encourage formation of stable mid-channel islands with associated potential for mature forest establishment.