This project was designed to enhance or improve the current South Fork Chinook, fall, population (identified as genetically distinct from the North Fork Chinook, summer, population) by implementing a wild stock supplementation program until protection and restoration of habitat and harvest restrictions recover the stock to a sustainable level. It was believed the current population is hovering around 100+ fish and the risk of extinction is very high. This project intended to increase the survival of juvenile fish primarily in the egg to fry life history stage. Data collected at the mainstem smolt trap shows that during large storm events survival in both the North and South Forks is very low, approaching zero, hence the goal of initiating a wild stock supplementation program. Initially our goal was to capture 15-20 adult males and females and spawn them, similar to the program the Tribe has implemented on the North Fork of the Stillaguamish River. Extensive snorkel surveys were conducted in the South Fork Stillaguamish to locate holding pools of adult Chinook. This proved to be unsuccessful as surveyors rarely found groups of 5 or more Chinook. Dive surveys were also conducted in the mainstem Stillaguamish and lower North Fork Stillaguamish to attempt to locate fall timed Chinook, as genetic analysis showed that fall and summer timed Chinook are mixed within the watershed. These surveys were also unsuccessful. Given the inability to locate large groups of adult Chinook to broodstock, staff took to floating and broodstocking in smaller holes throughout the South Fork Stillaguamish. Only male Chinook were collected during the broodstock efforts in the South Fork Stillaguamish. Given the difficulty in catching adult broodstock from the South Fork Stillaguamish, the Tribe took to having each adult Chinook captured out of the North Fork Stillaguamish (for the NF Stillaguamish wild stock supplemenation program) geneticly analyzed to determine assignment (i.e fall or summer timed). Results showed there were in fact fall timed Chinook holding (and spawning) in the North Fork Stillaguamish. Staff were able to isolate the fall timed adult Chinook and in 2010 one pair of adult fall timed Chinook were spawned. In 2011 two females and seven male fall timed Chinook were spawned. 2010 offspring (approx 4,500) were reared at the Harvey Creek Hatchery. They were acclimated and released in the late spring from the newly purchased Brenner Creek Hatchery Facility (the same process will be undertaken for 2011 offspring as well). Eventually all spawning, rearing and releasing will occur at the Brenner Creek Hatchery Facility once it is fully operational (intial work has begun). Our intention was to release approximately 50-60,000 fry to increase their ability to survive long enough to migrate to, and four years later return from, the sea. All outgoing juveniles will be tagged and marked for later recovery and catch analysis. Given the difficulty in capturing adult broodstock it may take years to reach 50-60,000 fry release goal. As a result of the difficulty in capturing adult broodstock, in 2009 the Tribe intiated a captive brood program for the South Fork Chinook supplementation program. Staff seined juvenile Chinook out of the South Fork Stillaguamish. Each fish was held individually in "condos" until genetic analysis was complete, to assign them to either fall or summer popoulation. Fish that assigned to the fall population were held at Harvey Creek Hatchery. All broodyear 2008 fish were held at Harvey Creek Hatchery. Approximately half of broodyear 2009 fish were transffered to the NOAA Manchester facility, a saltwater rearing compound, well-renowned for their ability to bring salmon populations back from the brink of extinction. This grant also funded the genetic analysis that was performed on outmigrating juvenile chinook collected at the mainstem smolt trap to determine in which fork they were produced. Genetic results were able to succesffuly estimate production of smolts from each (fall, summer) population. This grant also covered a portion of the preliminary costs associated with retrofitting the existing Brenner Creek hatchery, including permitting, security, and septic system design.