Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a pervasive invader to wetland systems throughout much of the United States. It is a cool season, long-lived perennial grass with extensive rhizomes that, once established, creates a thick mat of litter and organic material that prohibits native vegetation from growing. It currently dominates hundreds of acres along stream banks and in wet prairies of western Washington, choking waterways and altering habitat for several rare and threatened species, including several species of salmon and the recently federally listed Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa). Research suggests that reed canary grass (RCG) eradication and restoration of invaded sites is extremely difficult and likely requires a multifaceted approach, involving some combination of herbicide, fire, mowing and native planting and seeding. There is anecdotal evidence from previous work in western Washington that a combination of mowing and herbicide is effective at minimizing RCG spread. However, this technique may not remove the thick litter layer that tends to inhibit native growth and recovery. Center for Natural Lands Management developed this project to investigate different RCG removal strategies to see which is most effective at: 1) killing the reed canary grass, 2) removing the thick litter and thatch layer created by RCG, and 3) creating conditions that support native plant establishment.